Representasi Kepercayaan Marapu pada Film “Marlina Si Pembunuh Dalam Empat Babak”
Abstract
Pada tahun 2017, dirilis film bergenre western berjudul Marlina si Pembunuh Dalam Empat Babak dan mendapat respons positif dengan lebih dari 34 nominasi penghargaan festival film dan pemutaran di lebih dari 10 negara karena mengangkat isu patriarki dan latar budaya yang ditampilkan. Film yang berlatar tempat di Sumba ini menampilkan kepercayaan asli Indonesia yang hampir punah yaitu kepercayaan marapu. Akan tetapi dalam pembuatan film tersebut, bisa terjadi bias konfirmasi yang menyebabkan kesalahan representasi budaya yang diangkat ke dalam film, yang dapat terjadi akibat ideologi personal yang dianut sang filmmaker. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat apakah terdapat bias yang terjadi pada saat merepresentasikan kepercayaan marapu ke dalam film dan juga melihat representasi kepercayaan marapu apa saja yang ada dalam film. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, visual methodologies dari Gillian Rose dan analisis data menggunakan teori representasi dari Stuart Hall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada bias konfirmasi yang terjadi pada representasi kepercayaan marapu pada film Marlina si Pembunuh Dalam Empat Babak. Selain itu, ditemukan tiga unsur kepercayaan yang direpresentasikan dalam film yaitu, kepercayaan marapu itu sendiri, upacara Pahadangu, dan sistem pembelisan.
The Representation of Marapu Belief on the ‘Marlina the Murderer in Four Acts’ Film
ABSTRACT
In 2017, the western genre film entitled “Marlina the Murderer in Four Acts” was released and received a positive response with more than 34 film award nominations and screenings in more than 10 countries due to the patriarchy issues and cultural setting presented. The film, which is set in Sumba, shows the almost extinct original belief in Indonesia, namely the marapu belief. However, in filmmaking, confirmation bias can occur which causes misrepresentation of the culture that is raised into the film that occurs because of the personal ideology adopted by the filmmaker. This study seeks to see if there is a bias that occurs when representing marapu's beliefs in the film and also to see what marapu belief represented in the film. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method, visual methodologies theory by Gillian Rose, and data analysis using representation theory by Stuart Hall. The results showed that no confirmation bias occurred in the representation of marapu's belief in the film "Marlina the Killer in Four Acts". In addition, there are three elements of marapu belief that are represented in the film: the marapu belief itself, the Pahadangu ceremony, and the ‘pembelisan’ or bride price system.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24821/invensi.v9i2.11129
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